Tuesday 13 September 2016

Cybersecurity Student Researches How to Keep Cars Safe from Hacking

ualr

Smart Cars Susceptible to Cyber-Attacks


In 2015, a Jeep Cherokee driven by a reporter had documented how two researchers had hacked it and controlled everything from the radio and the media console of the car to its brakes and steering. For an associate professor of computer science at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Dr Shucheng Yu, the application demonstrated how susceptible smart cars, featuring GPS, Bluetooth and internet connections, are to cyber-attacks.

Yu remarked that these cars have become the trend of the future and there could be some very severe consequences if someone tends to hack into the car. A car can be completely controlled by the hacker if it is not secure.

Hence Yu together with his student Zachary King, a junior majoring in computer science at UALR, did some researching during summer on keeping cars safe from cyber-attacks. They operated on the project all through a rigorous eight weeks summer research program at UALR. King had been one out of the 10 college students from across the country who had been recruited through a National Science Foundation grant-funded project. `REU Site – CyberSAFE@UALR – Cyber Security and Forensics Research at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock’

Investigating & Securing Communication – Controller Area Network – CAN


According to Dr Mengjun Xie, an associate professor of computer science and director of the CyberSAFE@UALR program, the purpose of the program is to reduce cyber-attacks on individuals utilising mobile technology and social networking sites.

He states that the simple idea is to integrate cyber-security and cyber forensics research with the latest technology in mobile cloud computer together with social media in order to offer research opportunities to students. Over 130 students had applied for 10 spots wherein participants comprising of undergraduate college students with a grade point average of 3.0 or more who had been majoring in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering math or physics.

The selected student had to spend eight weeks conducting full time research with a faculty mentor at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock where the participants had received a $4,000 stipend, for on-campus housing, travel expenses and a meal plan. King, in his project, `Investigating and Securing Communications in the Controller Area Network – CAN, developed a security protocol in order to secure smart cars from being hacked.

Layer of Security – Safeguards CAN


Moreover he also built an experimental environment which tends to mimic the communication system in a smart car that tends to permit the security procedure to be verified through imitations.The research centres on the development of a security procedure to defend the Controller Area Network – CAN, which is an internal communication structure in vehicles.

King informs that there are several ways which hacker could control CAN. Once they gain access to it, they can control your car the way they want to. King tends to propose a layer of security wherein if an unauthorized person attempts to access it, they would not be able to control the vehicle. The security procedure safeguards the CAN in a couple of ways.

 It validates messages sent through the network by developing a validation code which enables nodes on the network to distinguish between a valid message and an assailant’s message. The second security feature shields against replay attacks whenever a hacker tries to breach the network by sending old messages repeatedly. The modus operandi utilises a timestamp in calculating when the network received the message last and verifies the freshness of the message.

Mobile Phones Which Assemble Themselves

Mobile Phones

MIT – Mobile Device which Assemble by Itself


A mobile device that tends to assemble by itself within a few moments has been created by researchers from MIT. The model created by the scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology – MIT’s Self-Assembly Lab is said to be composed of six single parts that tend to assemble into two diverse mobile devices.The Self-Assembly Lab had been established in 2011 by the department of architecture research scientist Skylar Tibbits of MIT.

The lab was originally set up to work on 4D printing which is said to be a process that utilised 3D printers in the creation of materials which can grow and change on its own.The device is capable of assembling itself within a few minutes even in unsteady environment like being thrown around a tumbler.

Since then, MIT’s Self-Assembly Lab attained subsidy from DARPA to work on materials which could self-construct, comprising of flat-packed furniture that can build by them and self-lacing sneakers. The latest project for the Self-Assembly Lab is the partnership with designer Marcelo Coelho, experimenting consumer electronics with a self-assembling mobile phone. According to a report by Fast Co.Design, the source responsible for the self-assembly device, is simplicity. To start with, the tumbler needs to be going adequately fast so that the components seems to meet but do not break.

Components – Lock & Key Mechanism


The project tends to observe how a few components; an energy source together with the right collaborations enables a mobile phone to build itself without the need of any human interference or mechanisation. All the components of the device tend to have lock and key mechanism that like puzzle pieces tend to permit only the appropriate connection to happen and reject the ones which are not right.

Lastly it is essential for the parts to stick and hence the team utilised magnets ensuring that the right parts were attracted to each other. The researcher, Skylar Tibbits, who had been working on the project informed the publication that if one looks at how things are manufactured at every other scale except the human scale-look at DNA and cells and proteins, then view the planetary scale, everything is built through the self-assembly.

However, at the human scale, it seems to be the opposite. Everything seems to be built top down. We tend to take components and force them together. If this type of technology is adopted in mainstream, it would tend to have grave consequences for the manufacturing industry.

Cost of Automation Can be Condensed At Scale


According to MIT, the cost of automation can be condensed at scale removing the need of shifting labour overseas or have workers altogether. Moreover, jobs could be replaced with mechanisation and assembly-line staff at electronic factories could someday be a thing of the past.

But researchers are of the opinion that the possibilities for these types of designs seems to be limitless and could provide the vendors with more freedom in designing and creating improved and more ground-breaking products. Tibbits remarked that `right now the phone is pre-determined and we are using this process to assemble that phone.

But imagine you take a circuit board and have different logical building blocks and those logical building blocks can be tumbled around, you could have different functionalities’.MIT does not seem to be the only institution which has been exploring the possibilities of modular consumer products. Google has revealed that this year, Project Ara, the modular smartphone of the tech giant would be released in 2017.

Digital Strategies For Medical And Dental Offices


Digital
As the digital world expands, businesses that once relied on traditional marketing strategies, like print advertising, business cards, and brochures now must devise whole new approaches for letting the world know about their business. This is especially true today for medical and dental practices.

Where medical and dental offices could once rely on print advertising and word-of-mouth to bring in new patients, the changes in modern communication that have come via the digital age have had a real impact. All of this means that medical and dental practices that want to continue to develop and keep a steady flow of patients coming in must create new strategies, with digital marketing at the heart of their marketing plans.

How To Launch A Digital Strategy For Marketing A Medical or Dental Office

A marketing plan using digital processes is critical in today’s competitive business environment. Today medical and dental offices utilize many aspects of the online world in order to let people know about their businesses and what services they offer. Business sites like search engine land are one resource for spreading the news about these types of offices, and for communicating the kinds of services offered to a wide audience.

How can an office prepare an online marketing plan?

The best marketing plans for a medical or dental office are ones that combine several approaches to reaching and communicating with patients. The truth is that no matter how caring and skilled a dentist or physician is, if no one knows about the services they offer, they won’t be able to reach those in need of what they do.

Create a Website

An online website that is interactive and that can communicate with potential patients on a regular basis is a must in today’s digital world. A well-designed and thought-through website can reach patients in a positive way and also act as a communications center for an office. Great website designs can be achieved by working with dental/medical marketing agencies that primarily focus on website design before other services.

The Value of A Great Website

A website serves as a central place where patients can find out about an office and also about the dentist or doctor’s background and patient ratings. A comprehensive list of an office’s services can also be included on the site under different tabs. All of this information is highly beneficial to patients seeking information on care. Some sites now use filmed testimonials from medical professionals as a way to reach out and let potential patients know who they are and that they are available.

A Professional Blog

A regular blog about the office’s practices is also a great marketing tool. A well-written blog creates a friendly feel for an office and it can help build connections with regular patients and those who are looking for a healthcare office. A blog can be used to discuss new techniques and practices in healthcare and to let patients know about the many services an office can provide. News of the day and health and wellness tips can also be discussed, as well as how current trends impact the services an office can provide. New blogs are also effective in keeping readers coming back for updates, and in that way staying connected to the office.

An Email Newsletter 

Many offices now use an email newsletter as a way to keep in regular communication with a patient base. A weekly blog can form the content of a newsletter, with added elements like healthcare news notes and tips added in. This is another way to spread the word about an office on an ongoing basis, and to maintain a friendly base of communications.

Search Engines and SEO

Once a website has been established for an office, links to the site can also be used to promote it. Once the site is up and running, search engine words (SEO) can be inserted into the blog to help keep the office at the top of searches on google and other search engines. This can help greatly to promote the office, as potential patients who look up medical or dental offices in their area will be able to more easily find it via an online search. This is another area to ask for experts’ help if you want to get the best ROI out of your marketing dollars.

Yes, business marketing has changed greatly in recent years, and the fact is that the old days of print-driven marketing strategies has fallen by the wayside. Though the thought of creating an online marketing campaign can be daunting, today’s new digital techniques are becoming more streamlined and ever more easy to use. Medical and dental offices who want to be known need to enlist savvy online marketing pros to help them create new strategies that draw in patients and keep them coming for the long term.

Monday 12 September 2016

Bioprinting Bones and Muscles the Future of Transplants


Bioprinting

3D Printer – Human Tissue


Fourteen years back most of the businesses had not even heard of 3D printing or had not even experimented with printing objects in material like plastic or metal. However, one research institute had been laying the foundation of building its own 3D printer for a complete intricate material, the human tissue.

Transplants of tissue and organs have been utilised in medicine for years in assisting patients with damaged or diseased tissue, skin grafts for burns. For instance, a piece of patellar tendon was used for replacing a ruptured ligament.

Usually these tend to come from donors or are taken from a healthy area of a patient’s body to a damaged part, though scientist from Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine – WFIRM seemed to have developed a prototype printer which could be utilised someday, to print tissue sections designed to fit into a person’s unique disorder.

WFIRM researchers, to begin with, starting working on constructing human tissue from cells by hand and the first cells were removed from the patients through biopsies where a tiny sample of tissue tend to be explanted in order to assist physicians with the diagnoses, which is cultured to multiply in numbers.

Utilised Printers in Making of Tissue


The cells are placed on a scaffold, positioned into an incubator and when the tissue develops into the desired build, is returned to a patient. It is said to be a labour intensive process, one which yielded tissue that has not been adequately strong enough to be utilised in human patients. Dr Anthony Atala, heading the research at WFIRM had informed ZDNet that they had been working on tissues and organs for patients for the purpose of implantation and had already put a pair in patients.

They recognised that it was OK to create them by hand, if one were creating a few for clinical trial. However if one was to create it for hundreds of thousands of patients, you would require to scale it up. It was at this point of time that they began looking at how they could scale up the technology.

The researchers at WFIRM had hit on the idea of utilising printers in the making of tissue few years thereafter, but with commercial 3D printing yet very much at the initial level; the researchers had been experimenting with more widespread technology, adopting the prevailing desktop inkjet printers.

Cells through Hydrogel


The cells were placed in the inkwells of the printer and thereafter outputted in a specific manner in the creation of the desired tissue build. Although the commercial 3D printers seems to be more widespread over the years that followed, WFIRM researchers had to develop their own hardware depending on the inkjet system owing to the unique nature of tissue of the humans.

Atala informed that they began utilising the inkjet printer for experiments to find out how they could make it work. They could get the cells through the hydrogel though they could not get the accuracy with regards to where they had laid down the cells and the constructions did not have the structural integrity essential to be surgically implanted. They began looking for more sophisticated printing which they could achieve and began doing the same by basically constructing their own printing devices.

Saturday 10 September 2016

New Microchip Demonstrates Efficiency and Scalable Design

Piton

New Computer Chip Enhances Performance of Data Centre


A new computer chip which has been manufactured by Princeton University researchers tends to enhance the performance of data centres which is at the core of online services from email to social media. The data centres are basically giant warehouses which are overflowing with computer servers that enable cloud based services namely Gmail and Facebook and also store the amazingly huge content which is available through the internet.

 The computer chips which are at the cores of the largest server that tends to route as well as process information have a tendency to vary from the chips in smaller servers or the daily personal computers. Designing the chip precisely for massive computing systems, the researchers at Princeton inform that they can significantly upsurge the processing speed while lowering the needs of energy.

The chip architecture is said to be scalable wherein designs can be built which tends to go from a dozen processing units, known as cores, to many thousand. Moreover, the architecture permits thousands of chips to get linked together to an individual system comprising of millions of cores. Known as Piton, after the metal spikes which are driven by rock climbers into mountainsides to support during their ascent, it has been designed to scale.

Display How Servers Route Efficiently & Cheaply


David Wentzlaff, an assistant professor of electrical engineering and associated faculty in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University commented that `with Piton, we really sat down and rethought computer architecture in order to build a chip specifically for data centres and the cloud.

The chip made, is among the largest chips ever built in academia and it displays how servers could route far more efficiently and cheaply’. The graduate student of Wentzlaff, Michael KcKeown, had provided a presentation regarding the Piton project at Hot Chips, s symposium on high performance chips in Cupertino, California.

The unveiling of the chip is said to be a conclusion on their year’s effort of Wentzlaff together with his students. Graduate student in Wentzlaff’s Princeton Parallel Group, Mohammad Shahrad commented that creating a physical piece of hardware in an academic setting could be rare and very special opportunity for computer architects.

The other researchers of Princeton who have been involved in the project since its commencement in 2013 comprise of Yaosheng Fu, Tri Nguyen, Yanqi Zhou, Jonathan Balkind, Alexey Lavrov, Matthew Matl, Xiaohua Liang and Samuel Payne, presently at NVIDIA.

Manufactured for Research Team by IBM


The Piton chip which been designed by the Princeton team had been manufactured for the research team by IBM. The main subsidy for the project had been provided from the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

 The present variety of the Piton chip tends to measure six by six millimetres and the chip seems to have more than 460 million transistors. Each of them is small around 32 nanometres which are too small to be seen by anything but an electron microscope.

The bulk of these transistors are enclosed in 25 cores which is the independent processor for carrying out the instructions in a computer program. Several of the personal computer chips tend to have four or eight cores. Overall, more cores would mean faster processing times, till the software are capable of exploiting the available cores of the hardware in running operations in parallel. Hence the manufacturers of computer have resorted to multi-core chips to compress additional gains out of conventional approaches to computer hardware.

Prototype for Future Commercial Server System


Companies and academic institutions in recent years, had fashioned chips with several dozens of cores though Wentzlaff states that the readily scalable architecture of Piton tends to permit thousands of cores on an individual chip with half a billion cores in the data centre.

He commented that what they have with Piton is actually a prototype for the future commercial server system which tends to take advantage of a great amount of cores in speeding up the process. The design of the Piton chip is dedicated on exploiting unity among programs running all together on the same chip. One way of doing it is known as execution drafting which works just like the drafting in bicycle racing when the cyclist tends to conserve the energy behind a lead rider cutting through the air and creating a slipstream.

Multiple users at the data centre tend to run programs which depend on identical operations at the processor stage. The Piton chips’ cores has the capabilities of recognizing these instance and executes same instructions consecutively in order that the flow is continuous, just as a line of drafting cyclists. By doing so, it tends to increase the energy efficiency by around 20% in comparison to a standard core, according to the researchers.

Memory Traffic Shaper


A second modification incorporated in the Piton chip packages out when the opposing programs tend to access computer memory which is present off, the chip. Known as a memory traffic shaper, its operations is like a traffic cop at a busy intersection, considering the needs of each program and adapting memory request together with signalling them through suitably so that they do not congest the system.

 This method tends to yield around 18% jump in performance in comparison to conventional allocation. Moreover the Piton chip also tends to gain efficiency due to its management of memory stored on the chip which is known as the cache memory. This is faster in the computer and is utilised for accessing information, regularly.

In several designs, the cache memory is united across the entire chip’s cores though that approach could go wrong when multiple cores access and change the cache memory. However, Piton tends to evade this issue by assigning areas of the cache and precise cores to dedicated applications.

The researchers state that the system could increase the efficiency by 29% when it is applied to 1.024-core architecture and estimated that the savings could increase when the system is installed across millions of cores in a data centre. The researchers also informed that these developments could be implemented keeping the cost in line with the present manufacturing standards.